Collaborative epidemiology: From concept to execution [2008] - 324KB
by AD Sadovnick
Genes, environment and the interaction thereof are widely indicated in multiple sclerosis (MS) susceptibility and pathobiology. MS is now being increasingly recognized in immigrants from “low riskâ€...

Measurement of disability in multiple sclerosis [2008] - 269KB
by O Gray, H Butzkueven
Despite its limitations, the Kurtzke Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) is the gold standard in assessing physical disability in multiple sclerosis (MS). Sustained progression in EDSS has been us...

The Registry of Asia Pacific Inflammatory Demyelination (RAPID Study) [2008] - 268KB
by AG Kermode
The diversity and heterogeneity of idiopathic central nervous system demyelinating disease in Asia has long been recognised, but there is a dearth of epidemiological work looking at this specific ques...

Neuromyelitis optica in western countries: Establishing diagnostic criteria and characterization of the spectrum [2008] - 448KB
by BG Weinshenker
Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) can be distinguished from MS by clinical, radiological and serological findings, especially the tendency for spinal cord lesions to be longer than 3 vertebral segments durin...

Opticospinal multiple sclerosis in Japanese [2008] - 925KB
by J Kira, T Matsushita, N Isobe, T Ishizu
Antibodies to aquaporin-4 (AQP4) are found in a number of Japanese opticospinal multiple sclerosis (OSMS) patients. Whether anti-AQP4 antibody-positive and -negative OSMS patients are afflicted with a...

Neuromyelitis optica antibody (NMO-IgG) status in Indian patients with multiple sclerosis and allied demyelinating disorders [2008] - 249KB
by P Lekha
Clinical studies in India have consistently reported high incidence of optic nerve and spinal cord involvement in patients diagnosed to have multiple sclerosis (MS). Though speculated, it is not clear...

Aquaporin-4 IgG: Overview and future perspectives [2008] - 342KB
by AG Kermode
The discovery of aquaporin-4 IgG in patients with demyelination is an exciting development. Initially associated with the Devic’s phenotype, aquaporin-4 IgG has also been consistently found albeit l...

Painful symptoms and quality of life in multiple sclerosis [2008] - 232KB
by M Niino
Pain is a common symptom in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). However, different reports have indicated varying prevalence of pain in MS. This is considered to be due to differences in study samp...

Future therapies in multiple sclerosis [2008] - 360KB
by D Bates
It is now 15 years since the first disease modifying therapy was licensed for use in people with multiple sclerosis. During those 15 years four therapies have become established for treatment of early...

Multiple sclerosis immunology for clinicians [2008] - 282KB
by M Matsui
Immunological factors found to be relevant in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis include Th1 cells and B cells that react with components of myelin in the central nervous system, as well as impair...